The satellite and the systems pictures:

One of the orbitted satellite

The Indonesian Satellites and The type , and the coverage:

Palapa A the Indonesian First Satellite

Palapa-B 1, 2, 2P, 2R, 4 / Palapa Pacific / Agila 1 / NewSat 1

Palapa-B is the second generation of communications satellites designed and built for Indonesia by Hughes Space and Communications Company. The series of four satellites was produced for Indonesia's state-owned telecommunications company, Telkom.

All the Palapa-B spacecraft are Hughes HS-376 models, the world's most popular line of satellites. Palapa-B1 was launched in June 1983 on board the Shuttle [PAM-D]. Palapa-B2 also was launched aboard a Shuttle [PAM-D], in February 1984, but it was placed in an improper orbit when the perigee kick motor, provided by an outside vendor, failed. In November 1984, a space Shuttle crew recovered Palapa-B2 and returned it to Earth for the insurance underwriters. Hughes refurbished the satellite,which eventually was sold back to Indonesia. Renamed Palapa-B2R, the satellite was successfully relaunched in April 1990 aboard a Delta-6925-8 rocket.

After the 1984 launch attempt, a third Palapa-B satellite was ordered. It was successfully launched as Palapa-B2P aboard a Delta-3920 PAM-D rocket in March 1987. Palapa-B4 was launched May 1992 on a Delta-7925-8 rocket.

The Palapa-B spacecraft are twice as large and have twice the capacity and about four times the power of the Hughes-built Palapa-A satellites they replaced. Each Palapa-B spacecraft, like all HS-376 models, has two telescoping cylindrical solar panels and an antenna that folds for compactness during launch. Once the satellite is in synchronous orbit 22,300 miles (36,000 km) above the equator, the antenna is erected and the outer solar panel extended. This configuration more than doubles the satellite's height and power output.

The 24 transponders on Palapa-B are each capable of carrying 1,000 two-way voice circuits or a color television transmission. In addition, Palapa-B carries six spare traveling-wave tube amplifiers, providing a 5-for-4 redundancy.

The Palapa-B satellites operate in the C-band, receiving from 5.925 GHz to 6.415 GHz and transmitting from 3.7 GHz to 4.2 GHz. The effective isotropic radiated power over the 36 MHz bandwidth is a minimum 34 dBW to Indonesia and most of the land mass of the other ASEAN countries and Papua New Guinea. Signal strength in the remaining ASEAN-member areas is a minimum 32 dBW. The satellites use 10-watt traveling-wave tube amplifiers.

Palapa-B has a diameter of 7 feet 1 inch. It is 9 feet 4 inches high in the stowed position. With the 6-foot-wide antenna erected and the outer solar panel extended, the spacecraft is 22 feet 10 inches high. It weighs 1,525pounds at beginning of life in orbit. Four thrusters using hydrazine propellant provide stationkeeping and attitude control during the satellite's life. Two panels of solar cells generate 1,100 watts of electrical power at beginning of life in orbit. Four thrusters using hydrazine propellant provide stationkeeping and attitude control during the satellite's life. Two panels of solar cells generate 1,100 watts of electrical power at beginning of life in orbit. Two nickel cadmium batteries provide full power during eclipse when the spacecraft passes through Earth's shadow.

The satellite is stabilized by spinning at 50 rpm. Both the communications antenna and electronics shelf are despun with respect to Earth and achieve a pointing accuracy better than 0.05 degrees. The transmit and receive beams are created by a shared aperture and antenna with two polarization selective surfaces that are slightly offset from each other. The front surface is sensitive to horizontally polarized beams; the rear surface is sensitive to vertically polarized beams. Each polarization reflects signals to separate feed horn networks.

The 3rd Satellite of Indonesia : Palapa-C

Palapa-C 1, 2 / HGS 3 / Anatolia 1 / Paksat 1

PT Satelit Palapa Indonesia (SATELINDO) chose Hughes Space and Communications Company in April 1993 after an eight month competition. The spacecraft, called Palapa-C, are versions of the successful HS-601 model of body-stabilized satellites. Construction was done at Boeing Satellite System's manufacturing facilities in El Segundo, Calif. Boeing also augmented the new master control station at Daan Mogot near Jakarta.

The first satellite was launched on Jan. 31, 1996, on an Atlas-2AS booster and placed at 113° East longitude. The second was launched on May 15, 1996 on an Ariane-44L H10-3 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana. The rockets carry the spacecraft to geosynchronous transfer orbit. The spacecraft's own liquid apogee motor then raises it to geostationary orbit 36,000 km above the equator.

The Indonesian satellites carry the name "Palapa," a word that signifies unity. The country has more than13,000 islands, and satellites are the most efficient and effective way of uniting them with communications services. Each succeeding generation of Palapa satellites was significantly larger and more powerful than the one it replaced, as demand for services grew.

Each Palapa-C spacecraft, for example, carries 30 C-band transponders, compared to Palapa-B's 24. In addition,the new satellites carry four Ku-band transponders for business networking. Each Palapa-C satellite has 24 active and six spare C-band transponders to operate in the 3700-4200MHz/5925-6425 MHz range, and six active plus two spares in the extended C-band region (3400-3640MHz/6425-6665 MHz). The former are powered by 21.5-watt solid-state power amplifiers and the latter by 26-watt SSPAs. In Ku-band, each satellite was built with six-for-four redundancy, and 135-watt traveling wavetube amplifiers for operations in the 10950-11690 MHz/13750-14490 MHz range. Average radiated power in C-band is 37 dBW; in Ku-band, it's 50 dBW. The coverage area includes not only Indonesia, but also southeast Asia and parts of China, India, Japan, and Australia.

Like other HS-601 model satellites, Palapa-C is built with a cube-shaped central body that contains the electronics payload and supports the antennas and two solar wings. From the tip on one three-panel wing to the other, each satellite extends 21 meters (68.8 feet). These wings provide 3,730 watts of power. The satellite carries three antenna systems comprising four octagonal-shaped reflectors and their corresponding single feedhorns. The four are shaped reflectors with dua lsurfaces to process signals with both horizontal and vertical polarization. The shaped-reflector technology precludes the need for multiple feedhorns. The antenna systems provide coverage in the standard C-band (two85-inch reflectors), extended C-band (one 70-inchreflector), and Ku-band (one 60-inch reflector).

The HS-601 body is composed of two main modules.The bus module is the primary structure that carries launch vehicle loads and contains the propulsion,attitude control and electrical power subsystems. The payload module is a honeycomb structure that contains the payload electronics, telemetry, command and ranging equipment, and the isothermal heat pipes. Reflectors, antenna feeds, and solar arrays mount directly to the primary module, and antenna configurations can be placed on three faces of the bus. Such a modular approach allows work to proceed in parallel, thereby shortening the manufacturing schedule and test time.

After an electric power anomaly had occurred, the Palapa C1 satellite apparently lost its ability to recharge batteries. A Battery Charge Controller is no longer functioning, which means that the satellite is without a power backup during the eclipse periods that occur twice a year. The satellite was declared unusable for its planned mission, insurance claims were paid, and the title of the satellite was passed to the insurers. Hughes Global Services acquired the satellite, and developed procedures necessary to maintain full geostationary service operations except during eclipse itself and brief periods on either side of each eclipse event. For a total of 88 days per year, the satellite has to be switched off for three hours per day on average. Overall availability of the spacecraft's transponders remains at 96 percent. The satellite was renamed HGS 3, later Anatolia 1 and in 2002 Paksat 1.

The 4th Indonesia Satellite:Palapa-D

Palapa-D 1

PT Indosat Tbk appointed in July 2007 Thales Alenia Space to build and launch the Palapa-D satellite. Palapa-D, which launch is expected during second half 2009, will replace Palapa-C2 satellite which will expired in 2011 placed in slot 113º BT.

Based on Thales Alenia Space Spacebus-4000B3 platform, Palapa-D satellite will have larger capacity compared to Palapa-C2 satellite of which it has 24 standard C-band, 11 extended C-Band and 5 Ku-band transponders, with coverage of Indonesia, ASEAN countries, Asian countries, Middle East and Australia. Palapa-D satellite will have a launch mass of 4.1 tons, a payload power of 6 kW and service life time of 15 years.

Indosat appointed Thales Alenia Space to build and launch Palapa-D satellite through a tender process in which Indosat invited several potential experienced manufacturers from domestic and international. Indosat based the appointment of Thales Alenia Space on its capability to meet Indosat's requirements and its ability to provide competitive and comprehensive communications solutions. Indosat and Thales Alenia Space have jointly selected Long March 3B as the launch vehicle for the Palapa-D satellite.

The cost of building and launching Palapa-D project is between US$200 - US$300 million. Indosat will finance this Palapa-D satellite with company's internal and external resources.